Electrical measuring instrument.



T. W. VARLEY. ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED mm: 12, mos.

2 8HBETSSHEET 1.

Inventor; by MMIJJ%. %V/y T. W. VARLEY. ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED mm: 12, 100B.

978 5 1 8 Pat ented Dec. 13, 1910.

2 SHEETS-'SHEIIT 2.

1906, described 2O a citizen of the United States THOMAS W. VARLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed June 12, 1908.

Patented Dec. 13, 1910. Serial No. 438,019.

To alt whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS l/V. VARLEY, of America, in the county of residing at N ew York city,

- New York and State of New York, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Measuring Instruments, of which the following is a specification.

-,My invention relates to improvements in electrical measuring instruments of that class wherein a movable element is employed in connection with a shifting or changing field, adapted to impart movement to said movable element, and a substantially constant field adapted to retard the movement ofsaid movable element by inductive action. I have heretofore in United States Letters Patent No. 810,235, issued to me January 16, and claimed certain. features of such electrical instruments generically.

This invention has reference to improvements on the generic idea showing other means of carrying out the broad principle, together with certain modifications of electrical connections and circuits.

In the following I have described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, .one type of electrical measuring instrument, illustrating the application of the principles referred to, the features 01 he invention being more particularly pointed out hereinafter in the claims. I In the drawings Figure 1 is a plan view, partly diagrammatic, of one form of apparatus adapted to be used as a watt hour meter. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus, partly in section and parts being removed, to show more clearly the relationship of the stationary or field winding to the other parts, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the movable element or armature, parts being removed, showing the windings as adapted for a regular two-pole armature. Fig. 4: is a top plan view of the stationary coil, parts being removed, showing the relationship of said coil to-the shaft.

Similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

1 represents 'a substantially constant magnet, either electro or permanent, here illustrated as a'permanent magnet, for causing a substantially 2 and 3.

4 represents a support for core 5, preferably made of non-magnetic material. A cup constant field and having poles 'used as a motor.

6, preferably of aluminum, surrounds core 5 and is supported from a shaft 7, carrying a commutator 8 and a gear 9 adapted to actu ate any suitable registering means (not shown). Shaft- 7 also carries a collecting 12mg 10.

11 re resents a fixed or stationary winding for shi'ting the constant field, and supported in any suitable manner as by core support 4-. lVinding "11 is in electrical connection by means of wire 12 with ring 10as by means of a suitable brush 13. 14 and 15 are brushes diametrically dis-, posed with reference to connnutator 8 and arranged at a point 90 from the regular commutating position if the apparatus were 16, as shown in Fig. 3. constituting a 2 pole armature. Taps 17 from winding 16 are connected serially with commutator segments 18 of con'nnut'ator S. the connections not being fully of illustration.

In Fig. 1 brushes 14. and '15 are matically illustrated winding 16 on cup 6 clearly their position stunt field.

1.) and 90. Fig. 1. represent the mains loading from a suitable source 21: 2'2 represents the load. A resistance 23 is between main 1.) and the A cross the armature and connccting any two preferably diametrically opposite points are one or more pairs of resistant-cs. Eli-24 and QB--25. whose ccntcr points go to collector ring 10 as shown. Connections 26 and 27 t are taken from opposite ends of a resistance 28 in the load circuit or main 20 to the brushes 14 and 15 respectively.

29 is an adjustable resistance in connection 2" diagramin contact with so as to show more relative to the coni and 3t) an bctwccn main 20 and brush 1 In Fig. 1 under normal comlitions. that is. with no load on. the armature takes current equally and in thcsame direction from main 20 through brushes H and 15, the algebraic difference of the currents through thebrushes being zero, the current passing from brushes 14- and 15 through the arn'uiturc winding to resistances 24-2l and 95-25, to collector ring 7, to fixed coil 11, to resistance 23 and thence to the opposite main 1!). llcsistancc 30 adjusts the amount of current flowing through the armature to the. field Cup 6 carries a winding shown to avoid complexity wimling 11 of the fixed coil.

adjustable resistance or stationary coil 11. Under these conditions the current enters the armature in the same direction through both brushes l t and 15 and the current in the winding of the armature is in such direction as to lreep it in a. balanced condition relative to the constant field. Under these conditions, a lthough the fixed coil shifts the constant field in a diagonal direction, the armature still remains in a balanced condition because the current enters the armature equally through the brushes 1% and if). i

Adjustable resistance 29 serves a double function. \Vith conditions as above described it causes the currents through brushes 1- and 15 to differ in amount, thus causing 'the armature to become unbalanced to compensate for initial friction. \Vhen the load is on current for the load passes through resistance This causes ditl'erence in potential between connections 526 and 27, thus affecting the current through brushes 1t and 15 which unbalances the armature. this unbalancing being proportional to theload. Resistance 29 being in circuit with" the armature across resistance 28, its second function is to regulate the effect of the load current on the armature. The torque of rotation varies in proportion to the amount of the shifted field and to the algebraic dilfc'rences in the currents flowing through the armature, or in proportion to the voltage in the circuit and the current to the load or to the watts of the load. The reason for taking potential current through the third brush 1% is to insure contact of brushes l4 and 15 with the commutator as, if either brush; tends to open, its potentialat the opening is raised so as to help keep it closed. As stated above the potential current is also used to compensate for initial friction.

lhe principles of the invention as shown and described are applicable to either alternating or direct currents and 'may be utilized in the construction of volt meters and ammeters as well as in either integrating or indicating watt meters, as is clear to any one skilled in the art.

It obvious that the details illustrated may be considerably varied and parts and functions transposed without departing from the spirit of my inventiomas, for instance, using a greater or less number of windings than illustratedor transposing the functions of the tield shiftin and armature windings or utilizing other forms of armature or rotating or movablemembersthan as described.

l-laving described my invention"what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is I of the character decaused by said magnet, an armature in said field adapted to respond to the shifting or distorting thereof and a resistance across" the Q. In an apparatus of the character de-.

scribed a substantially constant magnet, a coil adapted to shift or distort the field caused by said magnet, an armature in said tield adapted to respond to the'shifting or distorting thereof, a resistance across the armature adapted to collect current from different points thereof, a resistance in the main circuit, diametrically disposed brushes connecting the armature to said resistance and means for taking off current from said resistance at a point intermediate the ends thereof. v

3. In an apparatus of the character described a substantially constant magnet, a coil adapted to shift or distort/ the field caused by said magnet, an armature in said field adapted to respond to the shifting or distorting thereof, a resistance across the armature adapted to collect current from opposite point-s thereof, a collector ring in connection With said resistance at, approximately the middle point thereof and a connection from said collector ring to saidcoil.

l. In an apparatus of the character described a substantially constant magnet a coil adapted to shift or distort the field caused by sa1d magnet, an armature in said field adapted to respond to the shiftingor distorting thereof, a resistance across the armature adapted to collect current from dif ferent points thereof. means for taking off current from said resistance at a pointintermediate the ends thereof and an adjustable l resistance between said means and one of they main lines. v

5. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, a substantially constant magnet, a

coil adapted to shift or distort the field caused by said magnet, an armature in said field adapted to respond to the shifting or distorting thereof, and having more than one connection to one side of the main cirs cmt, a reslstance n said mam circultlbe t tween said connectlons, an adplstable resist;

ance in one of said'connections, a resista1 1ce' across the armature adapted .to collect cur rent from difi'erent point-s thereof, and means for taking ofi current from'said' last named resistance at a point intermediate-the ends thereof.

In testimony Whereof-IYhaye hereunto l signedmy name in the presence of two sub} scribingitnesses. i

' THOMAS'W. VARLEY" Witnesses: Ronnn'rf ASHLEY.,

K. G. La Am). 

